We have a federal constitution that declares principles of limited (responsible) liberty for people by defining and proscribing certain powers for government and guaranteeing certain minimum rights of people and their states. In concert with other organic laws of the USA (Articles of Confederation, Northwest Ordinance, and Declaration of Independence) the Constitution prescribes limited government power only for certain purposes, and leaves everything else up to state governments and the people of the states.
Some people in government wield their powers consistently in accord with the organic laws, and many do not. Most violate the organic laws when convenient to them or suitable to their personal purposes.
The American rebels responsible for those organic laws comprised only a tiny percentage of the population. ALL of them ACTED to RESIST the TYRANNY of the British Crown. And ALL of them RISKED their life, liberty, and property, EXTREMELY, in so doing. Many rebels and their supporters lost everything, including their homes, families, and lives.
We might think that we have managed to escape such a disastrous calamity, even though numerous calamities have befallen our nation and states since the American rebellion of 1776. And those additional calamities have taken many more lives.
But none who fail to take action to RESIST TYRANNY can consider themselves "innocent." By their inaction, they bear culpability nearly equal to that of the actual tyrants.
The statutory and common laws of our land help to regulate society so that people can freely go about their occupations and seasons of play and indolence as they see fit, so long as they don't injure others. But when government actors undermine those laws by misapplying them, enforcing them selectively, or enacting and enforcing laws outside the scope that organic laws permit, the time has arrived to RESIST such evil laws and enforcements, despite personal risk. Those who fail to resist thereby beg for the tyranny they receive as a consequence.
It should go without my saying that resistance becomes unnecessary if Citizens act timely to voice disapproval through protest and contact with legislators so as to guide them, to learn and become disposed to using the statutory and common law and rules of court, and select and elect good leaders.
But that becomes impossible when fully 25% of the population lacks the intelligence to make prudent choices in government, and another 40% lack the sense of responsibility. Government has insanely granted suffrage to these irresponsibles, many of whom have through sloth become wards of the state. Few of those have any motive to restrain government from theft of the assets of the industrious and intelligent.
In other words, the condition of America has deteriorated to the point that even if political machines did not rig the elections through irrepressible advertising and ballot box stuffing, the electorate has become too irresponsible to ask for or deserve responsible government.
A 2008 film entitled The Baader Meinhof Complex tells the true story of a German terrorist group which Ulrike Meinhof, a leftist journalist, joined. The group complained of the grander terrorism of the United States of America through its Vietnam war, and its apparently boundless aid to Israel in support of their incessant territorial struggle against so-called Palestinian Muslims. They saw America as an "Evil Empire" for use of its military power to murder hundreds of thousands of innocent people in no-win wars.
Maybe if I dig deeper I will find that Ulrike Meinhof accused the international bankers of financing both sides of every conflict in order to enrich themselves and to drive the warring nations into hopeless debt to themselves. But Ulrike seemed to justify some of her spirit of resistance with the struggle of women to have a national political expression separate from their home life political struggles as mothers, and as wives of cheating husbands. See her 1970 interview here.
Regardless of the depth and scope of her concerns for the welfare of innocent victims of America's wars, she participated in numerous killings, bombings, and rabble-rousing. After her capture and trial, her jailors found her hanging dead in her cell in 1976; three of her confederates died of alleged suicides on the same night in 1977.
We can take the Baader Meinhoff gang's persecution and deaths as lessons regarding the fate of terrorists. And we can see it as the same kind of treatment the British handed to American rebels and the Union handed to Confederates in the War of Northern Aggression.
Either way, the reader might want to take note of these prophetic words of Ulrike Meinhoff:
"Throw a single stone and that is a crime. Throw a thousand stones and that is political action. Set fire to a car and that is a crime. Burn a thousand cars and that is a political act.
"Protest is saying 'I disagree with this and that.' Resistance is saying 'I will put a stop to this and that.'"
Government will reprise with retribution, of course. So resisters must prepare to SUFFER.
Consider the Baader-Meinhof philosophy: TAKE ACTION and to hell with the consequences. I don't agree with it because in the process it hurts many "relatively" innocent people (nobody is innocent, of course). And the shotgun nature of it doomed it to failure and its leaders to ignominy and death. I prefer the rifle approach that America's CIA and military (and someday its cops) use in its targeted smart bombing and drone strikes. Identify the perpetrator and neutralize it.
I imagine that the people in Hitler's Nazi-controlled Germany generally enjoyed their everyday lives as usual and became prosperous, until persecutions of Jews and Gypsies started. By then the tyrant had become so powerful that no one dared to rally in protest or to resist. They thought they could make it through any ensuing ordeal without having to suffer. But the allied forces proved otherwise. The entire nation suffered terribly because the people of Germany did not resist Hitler's bigoted and insane tyranny.
As I see it, the USA, for all the sins of its leaders, has many good qualities. Generally, people can prosecute their lawful lives peacefully and without government interference. We can travel the length and breadth of the land and travel abroad without mishap. I have done so many times.
But I have heard many complaints about our governments from people in recent years, and seen many internet reports about people not so fortunate as I. I never manage fully to learn both sides of the story, and so I feel reluctant to turn an accusing finger on the "government" or its operatives who merely do their jobs as righteously as they can.
However, I feel wary about the incessant clamor of leftists to limit gun rights for responsible people, and about rogue law enforcement officers who operate like Mafia thugs, and about the widespread gang violence and carjackings, home invasions, and "knockout" brutality by Negro males, and the widespread cheating in elections, and about monumental waste by the military and welfare abuse by those living on the dole. And I feel intensely uncomfortable about the rampant socialism in our government, coupled with unrestrained deficit spending that destroys savings through inflation. And I loathe the malignant conspiracy between Government and the lending industry which destroyed property values in a massive land grab by banks and destruction of home buyer wealth over the past decade.
I disagree with all those things. More that that, I see them as harbingers of a condition where resistance has become futile. So I believe the time has come to RESIST them, and to do so EFFECTIVELY. And that means the time has come to prepare to suffer.
Preparation means devising and implementing ways resist and to avoid or avert suffering. Resistance implies having a target against which to resist. How can one resist that which does not constitute an obvious or apparent, open threat? Why should America see police, sheriff's deputies, and Homeland Security, the FBI, Treasury agents, etc., as a threat?
I believe ALL Americans have the duty to support Government in performance of the roles mandated by the organic laws. I believe all Americans have the duty to remove from government any and all who abuse their authority or power by engaging in acts that violate the restrictions of the organic laws.
So, first and foremost Americans must learn the restrictions of the Constitutions and laws against government power, and how to use administrative process, the law, and the political process keep government in its box, so to speak.
And second, Americans must become alert to abuses of those restrictions and learn to identify and neutralize the individuals who engage in the abusive behavior.
Such neutralization could constitute effective resistance. But the resister must either carefully calculate a way to neutralize without being detected, or to escape to a place of safety afterward, or simply to suffer and die as did all of the ringleaders of the Baader-Meinhof gang. For without a doubt, the entity resisted will surely wreak vengeance on anyone attempting to limit the entity's power.
Let us face a reality here: people in government who engage in unconstitutional acts while pretending to do lawful behaviors have in fact become both betrayers of public trust and criminals deserving of excision from Government. If the citizen risks imprisonment or death or loss of property by reporting and seeking the prosecution of such criminals, then the citizen faces the choice of resisting in some other way. Or, of doing nothing, like all the good people of Germany did as the Nazis murdered millions of Jews and eventually rampaged across Europe destroying property and conquering people. That's right. The good people of Germany did nothing as Hitler waged war against all its neighbors and against America. They just did not want to suffer, so they put up no effective resistance.
How shall intelligent, educated, responsible Americans organize to identify and neutralize criminals in Government? WHAT resistance against the tyranny of those criminals can become effective?
Should Americans begin resorting to Baader-Meinhof tactics? Should they become specialists in the law and diplomacy? Should they rig elections and stand guard to keep derelicts away from the polls? Should they master guerrilla war tactics and operate from underground burrows and tunnels like the Vietnam resisters did? Should they develop Communist-like or Al Quaeda-like cells? Should they offer bad guys in government an irresistibly "better" job? Should they find a foreign base from which to operate? How shall they find financing and accumulate effective arms and munitions? Should they simply turn the other cheek as Jesus suggested for personal relationships and accept whatever fate the criminals in government want to hand them? Should they stockpile food and other necessities and horde precious coins and gems? If so, how shall they protect their valuables from marauding, murderous gangsters and thugs in and out of government?
Most of all, when does one's own wealth, family, and life become ripe for sacrifice to the cause of responsible liberty?
If YOU don't recognize tyranny, identify and neutralize the tyrant, and otherwise resist tyranny, who will? If YOU don't organize resistance groups and efforts today, will it become too late to do so tomorrow?
As I show below, I believe Jesus was born 21 August 7 BC as the Urantia Book claims (see text below). I write this to show corroboration from historical writings and artifacts.
Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus ordered a coin struck in 8 BC to commemorate the census he ordered for the purpose of tax collection.
From Augustus' personal written statement of his list of accomplishments, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, or "The Deeds of the Divine Augustus", engraved on the walls of numerous temples like that at Ankara (monumentum Ancyranum):
English translation are those of Frederick W. Shipley, as printed in the volume of the Loeb Classical Library,Velleius Paterculus and Res Gestae Divi Augusti, first published in 1924
8As consul for the fifth time,32by order of the people and the senate I increased the number of the patricians. Three times I revised the roll of the senate.33In my sixth consulship, with Marcus Agrippa as my colleague, I made a census of the people.34I performed thelustrum35after an interval of forty-one years. In this•lustration 4,063,000 Roman citizens were entered on the census roll. A second time,36in the consulship of Gaius Censorinus and Gaius Asinius, I again performed thelustrum alone, with the consular imperium. In this lustrum4,233,000 Roman citizens were entered on the census roll. A third time, with the consular imperium,p359and with my son Tiberius Caesar as my colleague, I performed thelustrumin the consulship of Sextus Pompeius and Sextus Apuleius.37In thislustrum4,937,000 Roman citizens were entered on the census roll. By the passage of new laws I restored many traditions of our ancestors which were then falling into disuse, and I myself set precedents in many things for posterity to imitate.38
The lustrum is a purification ritual for the people every 5 years after a census. Augustus ordered a census in 28 B.C., 8 B.C., and 14 A.D. Footnote 36 shows the second one at 8 B.C., the year preceding Jesus' birth. And notice that August explains that he performed the third with his son Tiberias during the two and a half years when they jointly ruled the Roman Empire at the end of Augustus' life.
This coin (below), struck in 8 B.C., shows an Augustus bust on one side and Gaius [Octavius] Caesar (Augustus) on horseback on the obverse side. Notice the items at the top of the center legionary standard on the far side of the horse's rear haunch. The inscription from the experts identifies it as an eagle. To me it looks like barley ears above an object that might be an eagle. Perhaps those barley ears symbolize the medium of taxation, crops and other food.
This site shows images of many coins struck during the rein of Augustus, including the coins shown below:
Augustus AV Aureus. Lyons mint, 9-8 BC. AVGVSTVS DIVI F, laureate head right / C CAES, Caius Caesar galloping right, eagle between two standards behind, AVGVS F in ex. Cohen 39.
Freeman & Sear - Mail Bid Sale 14 Lot: 388 ROMAN EMPIRE: Augustus. (27 BC–AD 14). AV aureus. ROMAN EMPIRE. Augustus (27 BC–AD 14). AV aureus (7.67 gm). Lugdunum, 8 BC. AVGVSTVS DIVI. F, laureate head of Augustus right / C. CAES AVGVS. F, Gaius Caesar on horse leaping right, three standards in background. RIC 198. BMCRE 498. CBN 1468. RCTV 1596. Some edge filing and damage on reverse edge at 7:30. Fine/nearly very fine Estimated Value: $ 750 ... Lot 388 sold for high bid of $1350 [ $1552.5, or approx 1148.85 EUR, 776.25 GBP including the 15% buyers fee.] Freeman & Sear Mail Bid Sale 14 closed June 21st, 2007. Re-used by permission of Freeman & Sear: www.freemanandsear.com Freeman & Sear - F&S Mail Bid Sale #11 ancient classic artifacts coins numismatic roman greek Show F&S Mail Bid Sale #11 Lots Enter Search Term (i.e. Keywords, Catalog ID, etc.) Lot: 287 (click on image to enlarge) KRH011 ROMAN EMPIRE: Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. AV aureus (7.90 gm). ROMAN EMPIRE: Augustus (27 BC-AD 14). AV aureus (7.90 gm), Lugdunum, 8-7 BC. Laureate head of Augustus right / C. CAES above, AVGVS. F below, C. Caesar on horseback galloping right, holding sword and round shield, aquila between two standards behind. RIC 198, pl. 4. BMCRE 498, pl. 12, 15. C. 39. An unusually well-centered specimen. A few edge marks. Good very fine Estimated Value: $ 5,500 Lot sold for $4,875, [ approx 3656.25 EUR, 2535 GBP ] plus 15% buyers fee. Re-used by permission of Freeman and Sear, www.freemanandsear.com.
The text above refers to an eagle on the center pike. If that splotch on the pike is an eagle, then it is not at the top of the pike. As I said, the item at the top looks like ears of barley to me. The breastplate carved into a marble statue of Augustus from Livia'a villa a Prima Porta shows the Parthian king returning to Augustus a war prize, a Roman legionary standard captured in battle, having an eagle at the top, the most typical location.
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That particular coin seems to corroborate explanations in The Urantia Book. See the excerpts below.
From the Bible, Luke 2:1 "And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus, that all the world should be registered."
The Urantia Book
Paper 121
Rome, Herod, and politics around the time of Jesus's Birth
--> (1334.1)121:2.7 The Jewish people of this time, although under Roman suzerainty, enjoyed a considerable degree of self-government and, remembering the then only recent heroic exploits of deliverance executed by Judas Maccabee and his immediate successors, were vibrant with the expectation of the immediate appearance of a still greater deliverer, the long-expected Messiah. (1334.2)121:2.8 The secret of the survival of Palestine, the kingdom of the Jews, as a semi-independent state was wrapped up in the foreign policy of the Roman government, which desired to maintain control of the Palestinian highway of travel between Syria and Egypt as well as the western terminals of the caravan routes between the Orient and the Occident. Rome did not wish any power to arise in the Levant which might curb her future expansion in these regions. The policy of intrigue which had for its object the pitting of Seleucid Syria and Ptolemaic Egypt against each other necessitated fostering Palestine as a separate and independent state. Roman policy, the degeneration of Egypt, and the progressive weakening of the Seleucids before the rising power of Parthia, explain why it was that for several generations a small and unpowerful group of Jews was able to maintain its independence against both Seleucidae to the north and Ptolemies to the south. This fortuitous liberty and independence of the political rule of surrounding and more powerful peoples the Jews attributed to the fact that they were the “chosen people,” to the direct interposition of Yahweh. Such an attitude of racial superiority made it all the harder for them to endure Roman suzerainty when it finally fell upon their land. But even in that sad hour the Jews refused to learn that their world mission was spiritual, not political. (1334.3)121:2.9 The Jews were unusually apprehensive and suspicious during the times of Jesus because they were then ruled by an outsider, Herod the Idumean, who had seized the overlordship of Judea by cleverly ingratiating himself with the Roman rulers. And though Herod professed loyalty to the Hebrew ceremonial observances, he proceeded to build temples for many strange gods. (1334.4)121:2.10 The friendly relations of Herod with the Roman rulers made the world safe for Jewish travel and thus opened the way for increased Jewish penetration even of distant portions of the Roman Empire and of foreign treaty nations with the new gospel of the kingdom of heaven. Herod’s reign also contributed much toward the further blending of Hebrew and Hellenistic philosophies. (1334.5)121:2.11 Herod built the harbor of Caesarea, which further aided in making Palestine the crossroads of the civilized world. He died in 4 B.C., and his son Herod Antipas governed Galilee and Perea during Jesus’ youth and ministry to A.D. 39. Antipas, like his father, was a great builder. He rebuilt many of the cities of Galilee, including the important trade center of Sepphoris. (1334.6)121:2.12 The Galileans were not regarded with full favor by the Jerusalem religious leaders and rabbinical teachers. Galilee was more gentile than Jewish when Jesus was born.
From Paper 122
Rome's census and taxation, the delay by Herod, and the birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
(1350.3)122:7.1 In the month of March, 8 B.C. (the month Joseph and Mary were married), Caesar Augustus decreed that all inhabitants of the Roman Empire should be numbered, that a census should be made which could be used for effecting better taxation. The Jews had always been greatly prejudiced against any attempt to “number the people,” and this, in connection with the serious domestic difficulties of Herod, King of Judea, had conspired to cause the postponement of the taking of this census in the Jewish kingdom for one year. Throughout all the Roman Empire this census was registered in the year 8 B.C., except in the Palestinian kingdom of Herod, where it was taken in 7 B.C., one year later.
--> (1351.5)122:8.1 All that night Mary was restless so that neither of them slept much. By the break of day the pangs of childbirth were well in evidence, and at noon, August 21, 7 B.C., with the help and kind ministrations of women fellow travelers, Mary was delivered of a male child. Jesus of Nazareth was born into the world, was wrapped in the clothes which Mary had brought along for such a possible contingency, and laid in a near-by manger. (1351.6)122:8.2 In just the same manner as all babies before that day and since have come into the world, the promised child was born; and on the eighth day, according to the Jewish practice, he was circumcised and formally named Joshua (Jesus). (1351.7)122:8.3 The next day after the birth of Jesus, Joseph made his enrollment. Meeting a man they had talked with two nights previously at Jericho, Joseph was taken by him to a well-to-do friend who had a room at the inn, and who said he would gladly exchange quarters with the Nazareth couple. That afternoon they moved up to the inn, where they lived for almost three weeks until they found lodgings in the home of a distant relative of Joseph. (1351.8)122:8.4 The second day after the birth of Jesus, Mary sent word to Elizabeth that her child had come and received word in return inviting Joseph up to Jerusalem to talk over all their affairs with Zacharias. The following week Joseph went to Jerusalem to confer with Zacharias. Both Zacharias and Elizabeth had become possessed with the sincere conviction that Jesus was indeed to become the Jewish deliverer, the Messiah, and that their son John was to be his chief of aides, his right-hand man of destiny. And since Mary held these same ideas, it was not difficult to prevail upon Joseph to remain in Bethlehem, the City of David, so that Jesus might grow up to become the successor of David on the throne of all Israel. Accordingly, they remained in Bethlehem more than a year, Joseph meantime working some at his carpenter’s trade. (1352.1)122:8.5 At the noontide birth of Jesus the seraphim of Urantia, assembled under their directors, did sing anthems of glory over the Bethlehem manger, but these utterances of praise were not heard by human ears. No shepherds nor any other mortal creatures came to pay homage to the babe of Bethlehem until the day of the arrival of certain priests from Ur, who were sent down from Jerusalem by Zacharias. (1352.2)122:8.6 These priests from Mesopotamia had been told sometime before by a strange religious teacher of their country that he had had a dream in which he was informed that “the light of life” was about to appear on earth as a babe and among the Jews. And thither went these three teachers looking for this “light of life.” After many weeks of futile search in Jerusalem, they were about to return to Ur when Zacharias met them and disclosed his belief that Jesus was the object of their quest and sent them on to Bethlehem, where they found the babe and left their gifts with Mary, his earth mother. The babe was almost three weeks old at the time of their visit. (1352.3)122:8.7 These wise men saw no star to guide them to Bethlehem. The beautiful legend of the star of Bethlehem originated in this way: Jesus was born August 21 at noon, 7 B.C. On May 29, 7 B.C., there occurred an extraordinary conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn in the constellation of Pisces. And it is a remarkable astronomic fact that similar conjunctions occurred on September 29 and December 5 of the same year. Upon the basis of these extraordinary but wholly natural events the well-meaning zealots of the succeeding generation constructed the appealing legend of the star of Bethlehem and the adoring Magi led thereby to the manger, where they beheld and worshiped the newborn babe. Oriental and near-Oriental minds delight in fairy stories, and they are continually spinning such beautiful myths about the lives of their religious leaders and political heroes. In the absence of printing, when most human knowledge was passed by word of mouth from one generation to another, it was very easy for myths to become traditions and for traditions eventually to become accepted as facts.
Paper 174
The Right to Mint Coins and the Right to Levy Taxes
--> (1899.2)174:2.2 Tuesday morning, when Jesus arrived in the temple court and began to teach, he had uttered but few words when a group of the younger students from the academies, who had been rehearsed for this purpose, came forward and by their spokesman addressed Jesus: “Master, we know you are a righteous teacher, and we know that you proclaim the ways of truth, and that you serve only God, for you fear no man, and that you are no respecter of persons. We are only students, and we would know the truth about a matter which troubles us; our difficulty is this: Is it lawful for us to give tribute to Caesar? Shall we give or shall we not give?” Jesus, perceiving their hypocrisy and craftiness, said to them: “Why do you thus come to tempt me? Show me the tribute money, and I will answer you.” And when they handed him a denarius, he looked at it and said, “Whose image and superscription does this coin bear?” And when they answered him, “Caesar’s,” Jesus said, “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and render to God the things that are God’s.” (1899.3)174:2.3 When he had thus answered these young scribes and their Herodian accomplices, they withdrew from his presence, and the people, even the Sadducees, enjoyed their discomfiture. Even the youths who had endeavored to entrap him marveled greatly at the unexpected sagacity of the Master’s answer. (1899.4)174:2.4 The previous day the rulers had sought to trip him before the multitude on matters of ecclesiastical authority, and having failed, they now sought to involve him in a damaging discussion of civil authority. Both Pilate and Herod were in Jerusalem at this time, and Jesus’ enemies conjectured that, if he would dare to advise against the payment of tribute to Caesar, they could go at once before the Roman authorities and charge him with sedition. On the other hand, if he should advise the payment of tribute in so many words, they rightly calculated that such a pronouncement would greatly wound the national pride of his Jewish hearers, thereby alienating the good will and affection of the multitude. (1899.5)174:2.5 In all this the enemies of Jesus were defeated since it was a well-known ruling of the Sanhedrin, made for the guidance of the Jews dispersed among the gentile nations, that the “right of coinage carried with it the right to levy taxes.” In this manner Jesus avoided their trap. To have answered “No” to their question would have been equivalent to inciting rebellion; to have answered “Yes” would have shocked the deep-rooted nationalist sentiments of that day. The Master did not evade the question; he merely employed the wisdom of making a double reply. Jesus was never evasive, but he was always wise in his dealings with those who sought to harass and destroy him.
Papers 135 and 136
Regarding Jesus' age at baptism.
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--> (1504.3)135:8.5 Being engrossed with the details of rapidly baptizing such a large number of converts, John did not look up to see Jesus until the Son of Man stood in his immediate presence. When John recognized Jesus, the ceremonies were halted for a moment while he greeted his cousin in the flesh and asked, “But why do you come down into the water to greet me?” And Jesus answered, “To be subject to your baptism.” John replied: “But I have need to be baptized by you. Why do you come to me?” And Jesus whispered to John: “Bear with me now, for it becomes us to set this example for my brothers standing here with me, and that the people may know that my hour has come.” (1504.4)135:8.6 There was a tone of finality and authority in Jesus’ voice. John was atremble with emotion as he made ready to baptize Jesus of Nazareth in the Jordan at noon on Monday, January 14, A.D. 26. Thus did John baptize Jesus and his two brothers James and Jude. And when John had baptized these three, he dismissed the others for the day, announcing that he would resume baptisms at noon the next day. As the people were departing, the four men still standing in the water heard a strange sound, and presently there appeared for a moment an apparition immediately over the head of Jesus, and they heard a voice saying, “This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased.” A great change came over the countenance of Jesus, and coming up out of the water in silence he took leave of them, going toward the hills to the east. And no man saw Jesus again for forty days.
(1512.4) 136:2.8 (Jesus was almost thirty-one and one-half years old when he was baptized. While Luke says that Jesus was baptized in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, which would be A.D. 29 since Augustus died in A.D. 14, it should be recalled that Tiberius was coemperor with Augustus for two and one-half years before the death of Augustus, having had coins struck in his honor in October, A.D. 11. The fifteenth year of his actual rule was, therefore, this very year of A.D. 26, that of Jesus’ baptism. And this was also the year that Pontius Pilate began his rule as governor of Judea.)
****************** End of Urantia Book excerpts *********************
This coin shows Augustus on one side and Tiberias on the other, signifying the period of their joint rule.
Another, from 13 AD honoring Augustus and Tiberias jointly
Augustus AV Aureus. Rome mint, 13-14 AD. CAESAR AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAE, laureate head right / AVG F TR POT XV, TI CAESAR below, Tiberius riding quadriga right, holding eagle tipped sceptre. Cohen 299.http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/augustus/RIC_0221.jpg
"211 Since the consuls caused a law to be passed soon after this that he should govern the provinces jointly with Augustus and hold the census with him, he set out for Illyricum on the conclusion of the lustral ceremonies;but he was at once recalled, and finding Augustus in his last illness but still alive, he spent an entire day with him in private."
Herod the Great (c. 74–4 BCE), client king of Judaea who rebuilt the Second Temple (in Jerusalem) into Herod's Temple
Herod Archelaus (23 BC–c. AD 18), ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea
Herod Antipas (20 BC–c. AD 40), tetrarch of Galilee and Peraea, called "Herod the Tetrarch" or "Herod" in the New Testament up to Acts 4:27, and described therein as ordering John the Baptist's death and as mocking Jesus
Herod II (c. 27 BC–33 AD), sometimes called Herod Philip I, father of Salome
Philip the Tetrarch (4 BC–AD 34), sometimes called Herod Philip II, tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis
Herod Agrippa I (c. 10 BC–AD 44), client king of Judaea, called "King Herod" or "Herod" in Acts 12 of the New Testament
Herod of Chalcis, also known as Herod III, king of Chalcis (AD 41–48)
Herod Agrippa II (AD 27–100), tetrarch of Chalcis who was described in Acts of the Apostles as "King Agrippa" before whom Paul of Tarsus defended himself
Herodes Atticus (AD 101–177), an unrelated Greek aristocrat who served as a Roman Senator and proponent of Sophism
Jerry Wayne Bernard, Director, Author, and Musician Library in the Palms Research Center on Tongva Peak 2328 Via Saldivar Street, Glendale, CA 91208-1953 -------- To receive all the material in the Gospel of John study... Go to... http://www.jerrybernard.com/BooksByJWB.htm
